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Class notes

Class Week 2 – Literature review & Project Planning

Literature Review

Objectives: realisation and enquiry

What is it?

critical synthesis of academic and industry research, identifying gaps, challenges and opportunities

Purpose: build a foundation for your project understanding the field and identifying area of your contribution

Art example

interactive art installation would examine theories of sensory experience in public art and case studies

Structure

  • define focus
  • thematic organisation: group research key themes technology, audience engagement, interactivity
  • critical analysis: highlight gaps and compare findings
  • conclusion: how does it inform your project

Concept Framework

  • Intro : describe your artistic themes
  • relevant theories and movements
  • existing projects
  • synthesis: Connect to project direction

Writing style

Artistic: reflective language to connect theme to practice

  • Over summarising: Avoid describing analyse them critically
  • Lack of focus: Stick to themes
  • Insufficient citations

Project Plannning

Objectives: Process

SMART Goals

  • Specific
  • Measurable
  • Achievable
  • Relevant
  • Time-bound

You can use this to aid in the GANTT Chart

MOSCOW Prioritisation

  • Must have: essential
  • Should have: important not critical
  • Could have: nice if time allows
  • Won’t have: out of scope

GANTT Chart

Put into thesis

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Refining Idea Supervisor Meetings

Week 7 – The Idea and Supervisor Meeting

What I did this week

Notebook correlation: Research (Artwork and Media (Neuromancer) – Academic (Lev Manovich))

I picked ‘Digital and Physical World Swap’ out of my options as Monday we had the first graduation project class and we were starting our introductions and research proposals. I picked this one as I found it the easies to explain to other and people and felt confident in what I was talking about. All the options were interesting to me.

I made a notebook for all my research notes and eventually also for design iterations. I want to keep the blog as a space to summarise the week.

Random thoughts I had during class

  • Maybe look into a specific spaces like software that’s supposed to make us more “connected “or “easier”. E.g. Spotify, Instagram,
  • Short simulations using dark lab or something. Maybe rigging my flat with physical hardware and film the experience.

I have meeting with my supervisor every Monday now so Blog posts will have a Meeting Notes section now.

After looking at artwork I’ve started looking into academic papers. I used Chat GPT to find papers as I struggled to find the correct keywords to find what I wanted.

I found Lev Manovich’s book “The Language of New Media” which talks about the language we use to understand and operate computers. He identifies that we use language from text and cinema as a foundation for how computer interface has been made.

I’ve been quite drawn to the text influence on computers over the cinema influence. I might focus on that aspect of the how the digital space works. Although the part about how the cinematic frame and postmodernism has influenced computer interface is interesting.

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Class notes

Class Week 1 – Assessment Criteria and Intro

Assessment Criteria 

Realisation 

  • about your product by product of the research
  • complicated
  • what you’ve learnt
    • new skill

Enquiry 

  • Research
    • Insights and concepts
      • Various resources 
      • Literature 
      • Critical analysis and understanding 
      • Down to design choices 
  • Different arguments for both sides

Process

  • Gantt Moscow SMART goals
    • Organisation 

Communication

  • Specific companies organisation that can use the product
  • User communities
    • End users 
  • Collaborative Partners
    • Future projects, research labs, academic groups
  • Reports, presentations, academic writing 

Knowledge

Artistic Project

  • Document whole process
  • Final mockup for installation pieces

Minimum 5000 5% buffer

Exhibiting your work

Open call science gallery 

Visualising 

  • Technical drawings 
  • 3d models
  • floor plans

Break it before the show 

  • Write a manual on how to use your project 
  • invigilation 
  • Networking 

Introduction

Don’t use first person

500-730 words

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Brainstorming

Week 6 – Project Options

Context and Problem statement generated with Chat GPT as I was ill and wanted to make sure I had something to show and talk about in my supervisor meeting.

Digital and physical world swap

Swapping the functionalities of the digital and physical world. Would we tolerate what we experienced digitally if we encountered it in the real world? Would the digital space be less overstimulating if it functioned like the physical world?

Context

The digital world operates under different rules than the physical one—endless notifications, constant tracking, algorithmic content curation, and intrusive advertising shape our experiences. Yet, we rarely question whether we would tolerate these intrusions if they occurred in real life. The rise of augmented reality, the metaverse, and AI-driven interactions makes this contrast more relevant than ever. While some research explores digital well-being and online ethics, few projects directly compare digital experiences with their physical-world equivalents. By swapping the functionalities of these spaces, this project challenges our assumptions and asks whether digital environments could be designed with more human-centered considerations.

Problem Statement

Would we accept the level of surveillance, interruptions, and manipulation we experience online if they occurred in real life? Conversely, would the digital space be less overwhelming if it followed the more organic flow of the physical world? This project examines the impact of overstimulation, loss of privacy, and behavioural conditioning in digital spaces, questioning whether current design choices serve users’ well-being. Through this exploration, the project seeks to reimagine digital environments that prioritise human agency, balance, and ethical interaction.

Visualising your digital unpaid experiential labour ( personal data)

How much of our data do we give for free? Where do we give our data and how much of it? What value does our data hold? Who benefits from our data? Visualising this invisible transaction.

Context

Every day, users generate vast amounts of personal data through social media, browsing, smart devices, and digital interactions. This data fuels a multibillion-dollar economy, yet most people remain unaware of the scale and impact of their contributions. While privacy advocates and researchers have highlighted concerns about data exploitation, there is still a lack of accessible ways for individuals to grasp the full extent of their unpaid digital labor. Existing solutions, such as privacy policies and data transparency reports, are often opaque and difficult to interpret. This project seeks to make the invisible transaction of personal data tangible by visualizing the scale, value, and beneficiaries of the information we freely give away.

Problem Statement

Users unknowingly contribute immense value to tech companies through their personal data, but they rarely see direct benefits or even understand the extent of their digital labor. This imbalance raises ethical concerns about consent, ownership, and exploitation. Who profits from our data, and what does it truly cost us? This project aims to expose and illustrate the hidden economy of personal data, making it easier for individuals to understand their role in this system and advocate for fairer, more transparent digital practices.

The danger of believing in the natural neutrality of technology

There is a belief that technology is neutral but is it truly neutral? Is neutrality a good thing? If you have to teach technology to be morally good should we integrate it so deeply into our lives? Exploring the dangers around this belief.

Context

Technology is often perceived as a neutral tool, operating independently of human bias or influence. This belief stems from the idea that technology itself does not make decisions—humans do. However, as artificial intelligence, algorithms, and digital infrastructures shape critical aspects of society, the neutrality of technology becomes questionable. Researchers in fields such as ethics, HCI, and AI bias have demonstrated that technology often inherits the biases of its creators, reinforcing systemic inequalities. Despite efforts to mitigate harm, many current solutions focus on reactive fixes rather than questioning the assumption of neutrality itself. This project seeks to challenge the myth of neutral technology, bringing attention to the ethical consequences of unchecked technological integration in daily life.

Problem Statement

The assumption that technology is inherently neutral can lead to its unchecked influence in decision-making, allowing biases to persist and expand at scale. This impacts marginalized communities disproportionately, as biased algorithms influence hiring, policing, lending, and access to information. If we must actively teach technology to be fair or morally good, can we afford to integrate it so deeply into our lives? This project aims to explore the dangers of this belief, highlighting the risks of uncritical technological adoption and advocating for responsible, transparent, and ethical development.

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Brainstorming

Week 5/6 – Project Ideas

List of stuff:

  • Presenting Technofeudalism
  • The danger of believing in the natural neutrality of technology
  • Visualising your digital unpaid experiential labour (personal data)
  • Un-dressing our lives (subscriptions = rent)
  • Presenting Europes technological power
  • Presenting oligarch investment in UK essentials
  • Digital and physical world swap

Context

  • Essential background information that frames the importance and relevance of the project.
  • Introduce the topic by explaining how it connects to your field of study, highlighting why it’s significant at this time.
  • Include relevant trends or advancements in technology that make the project timely and relevant to current conversations in the field.
  • Briefly review existing research or solutions related to your project
  • Noting any inspirations or foundational work that helped shape your approach.
  • Point out gaps, limitations, or overlooked areas within current solutions that your project seeks to address.

Problem Statement

  • Defines the specific issue or challenge your project addresses, shaping the research and design choices that follow.
  • Begin by articulating the core issue and explaining its significance.
  • Identify who is affected and how they are impacted, giving your reader insight into the problem’s real-world consequences.
  • To keep the focus sharp, narrow down the problem to one or two critical aspects.
  • Finally, articulate your goals, specifying what the project aims to achieve, whether that’s a solution to an existing issue, exploration of a concept, or development of new insights.
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Research

Week 4/5 – Starting Point

I found a book through my mum called “Technofeudalism” by Yanis Varoufakis. He talks about how capitalism as we know it is dead and has been mutated into a feudalist system based on cloud space instead of land. I’m reading through it and making notes this will be a good for my main source of research. As it talks about the tech dominance USA and China have over the world.

Chapter 1-2: Capitalisms Inception and Evolution

Some thoughts I’m already having in regards to my project:

  • Modern Victorian Era
    • “The Victorians believed that firms should be small and powerless, so that competition could perform its magic of keeping entrepreneurs honest”
      • What businesses do we have in the UK if we relinquished power from Big Business?
      • What technology do we have if we isolated from the world
        • Estonia Intranet
  • Quaker era of business
    • Excess profit given back to its workers and the community
      • Monetary value for experiential labour?
  • Capitalism is nursed by people’s passion
    • Capitalism pays you for your commodity labour but your value lies in your experiential labour. That’s what they use to sell their commodity
      • Example: We have the best school because our teachers care the most. Every school sells the same thing education services but what differs them is the people working there (not just teachers all those involved).
    • We have the power in capitalism but are people aware of this power they can exercise? Is this a power we can still exercise in the mutated version of capitalism?

Chapter 3: Physical to Digital & Cloud Capital

Some thoughts I’m already having in regards to my project:

  • Alexa is Don Draper
    • Technology’s role in advertising
  • Nothing is neutral
    • A lot of people have the belief tech is neutral which makes it better than human judgement. However a machine with no sentience is actually more dangerous. It has to be taught what is right or wrong. It can’t make its own judgement on what is right or wrong. As seen with biased systems AI will discriminate and it won’t know it’s discrimination or that discrimination is wrong. Many argue that humans are no different to AI when it comes to generation. Humans just rehash the same stuff over and over. But a human does not need to be told to generate an idea or a thought.
  • Little data Big Data
    • We exchange what feels like small anonymised data to companies. But when you put all that data together it becomes very specific and identifiable. Features like recommendations, personalised ads, social media feeds, news feeds can then be made super catered to you. Then because your feed of content feels like you and it knows you it can then be manipulated to make you think that what you’re seeing is what you agree with and like.
    • ooooo feels very black mirror
    • How damaging is it not to see opposing content or things you don’t like
    • I also recently switched to web results only for on my google searches, I tried ecosia and duckduckgo but I couldn’t get use to them. It was a huge change I wasn’t expecting. Googling something feels way less overstimulating. I’m looking at multiple sources to find the answer I’m looking for, I’m paying attention to which sources I’m looking at. It’s more akin to a library I feel more relaxed. I did the same with youtube a while back I turned off recommendations so when I go onto youtube I just see a search bar and tabs I’m not slapped in the face with thumbnails.
All results
Web results

Chapter 4: Technofeudalism history

  • Scooby doo unmasking terms
    • I’ve noticed a lot that terms have been dressed up to sound less nefarious lulling us into a false sense of security.
      • Subscriptions sound nice, beneficial, equal exchange but what it really is is rent
        • Instead of buying your favourite album with a one time purchase you pay over and over again for your favourite album. Suddenly the idea of subscriptions sounds crazy and a poor financial decision. But you could argue that it’s not just the music you pay for. You pay for the being able to discover new music, to hold all the music in one place, to listen to other people’s playlists. But these things aren’t new, you could pay for songs and hold them locally on your phone. Listen to the radio, go to music festivals, talk to other people to hear new music.
        • So in summary when you rent music you pay for the same product over and over and you pay for isolating yourself from other people. Then on top of all of that the musicians who paid for the music aren’t even paid as much as they would be if you paid for the song or album once.
        • Popular songs go fro £0.99 on iTunes (Once purchased the files are only accessible through an apple computer) and I have liked 1,956 songs on Spotify that would be a £1,936.44 one time purchase I have those files forever on every device I would like them on. I have a premium individual Spotify account that’s £11.99 a month since August 2019 64 months £779.35 that sounds better right? Let’s do the maths in the long term. Bear in mind that this is buying songs individually and not as albums which discounts songs by over 50%. Assuming I live to 70-80 one time purchase would be £15,876 – £19,116, Spotify £7,050.12 – £8,488.92. While on paper it looks like Spotify is cheaper. There’s a lot more value that owning music has vs renting music. Owning music means: more money is given to the artist that made it, music can be passed on to next gens (I have my grandads old vinyls which are worth more now), to discover new music you have to talk to people go to gigs and festivals, reduces overconsumption as we have to consider whether we like the music enough to purchase it we tell children they can’t have everything they want because that’s life but we don’t live by these same rules, censorship because you can’t censor what you own but renting makes censorship. Is there a change in mindset that people don’t consider the social impact their purchases have?

Chapter 5-6: Technofeudalism history, global impact

  • Europe is behind
    • With no big tech companies Europe doesn’t have the cloud control US and China do. We will forever be begging for their mercy unless this changes. Vassals and serfs in their fiefdoms
    • UK is in an even worse position as we are no longer part of the EU so we will have to do this ourselves too.
    • Europe needs to admit they’re no longer a developed country. We now fit the definition of a developing country.
  • Oligarch investors
    • Varoufakis talks about ways out of the dollar debacle we’re in is to default on the dollar debts which results in not having money for essentials or getting another loan from IMF which results pretending to repay by giving over our essentials to US oligarchs posing as investors and fuel and food prices being so high people starve.
      • UK has already chosen the second one. Blackrock and Palantir already have NHS contracts, Google and other American companies were given our AI budget, many British companies have been sold to American ones. While both options were bad the first one we would have been able to get back on our feet still. We saw during lockdown people came together to help one another out. We might have had to go back to rationing and maybe even blackouts but we would have been able to eventually sustain ourselves.

Chapter 7: The Solution

  • On sale 24/7
    • Accounting for experiential labour people now work 24/7. We have no time for ourselves, outside of work we must also maintain our online identity.
    • We aren’t weak willed our focus and attention is being taken from us.
    • We no longer self possess our identity
  • Terms & Conditions
    • What is in them? We can’t really deny them we must accept them if we want to continue to use or access a thing. This isn’t a choice.
  • Why do algorithms reinforce the worst of us?
    • bots released on social media are very quickly turned into machines that spew hate
    • bots social media experiment with positive inputs?
  • How to kill a God: Technofeudalism
    • You can’t price regulate something free or cheap
    • How do you break up something digital and global? Amazon Tesla Google
  • Actual solutions
    • Varoufakis illustrates a fictional global utopia. The solution he does say feel unfinished and outlandish. With political exhaustion it would be near impossible to organise a large scale boycott. Even then if it was done what would happen next?

Whole book

  • Pixels to Matter
    • An experience that brings the digital ecosystem into the physical world. We’re okay with accepting cookies here and skipping ads there. What would that look like in the real world? If every time you went somewhere you had to choose whether to give your data to third parties
  • Accept Cookies
    • We are now given the option to decline cookies so why would we ever accept them in first place? What benefit does the user get giving a part of themselves away for free? Especially e-commerce we are already there to purchase something why do they then need to sell our data to third parties? What is the monetary value of our data?
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Research Supervisor Meetings

Week 3 – Supervisor Meeting

What I did this week

With everything that’s happening in the world recently I want to make a contribution. So moving slightly away from social relationship with technology. I want to look at the political role US technology plays in the UK.

However, when I was talking about this with my supervisor I was concerned I would get swept up in the idea and lose sight of my dissertation. It could be better to pick something a little more controlled and just pick a piece of technology and take it to the extreme. But my supervisor pointed out that there was overlaps. That I could look at current US tech dominance and push it to the extreme (ironically in hindsight I think we are already at the extreme end of the scale).

Notes I need to remember:

Technical part of the project

  • Have interaction in the final piece whether it be sensors or something else that involves coding
  • Blend current skills with new skills (I would really like to do something with Blender and Projection mapping)

Goals for next week

  • Collect research
    • Find a central piece of research
      • Supporting research
    • Look at existing artwork
  • Refine Context and Problem Statement
  • Figure out whether I want to do a:
    • Statement Piece
    • Solution oriented
    • Satire
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Research Supervisor Meetings

Week 2 – Supervisor Meeting

What I did this week

Second meeting with supervisor we talked a bit more about the approach to the idea. Thinking of Black Mirror, taking technology to the extreme in both ways little technology or lot’s of technology.

Little technology -> Performance based art -> technology as magic

-> Hide technology for people to find

I asked a question about the literature review for art thesis

  • normal style of research if based on the world
  • existing artworks

Goals for next week

Clea idea on the starting point

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Research Supervisor Meetings

Week 1 – Supervisor Meeting

What I did this week

Had my first tutorial with my supervisor. We discussed my broad topic interest which is the social relationship we have with technology and how I want to explore this artistically ideally using 3D softwares. My supervisor told me not to lock myself in with how I’m going to do it and start finding some books and papers about my topic. I said I wanted the idea to come from the research rather than me having a preconceived idea and finding research that supports that. They also agreed that this was a good approach.

Goals for next week

I want to find at least one book and a couple of papers.